AVIH5017A Navigate aircraft - IFR

Revision Number: 1

AVIH5017A Navigate aircraft - IFR

Modification History

Not applicable.

Unit Descriptor

Unit Descriptor	This unit involves the skills and knowledge required to navigate an aircraft under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) excluding instrument approaches. Licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements are applicable to this unit.

Application of the Unit

Application of the Unit	Work must be carried out in compliance with the relevant licence and aircraft rating requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA); relevant airspace control requirements and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR); and aircraft control principles, regulations, safety codes, protocols and procedures relevant to navigate aircraft - IFR as part of commercial aircraft activities. Use for ADF Aviation is to be in accordance with relevant Defence Orders and Instructions and applicable CASA compliance. Operations are conducted across a variety of operational contexts within the Australian aviation industry. Work is performed under limited supervision. This unit of competency is packaged at AQF V.

Licensing/Regulatory Information

Not applicable.

Pre-Requisites

Not applicable.

Employability Skills Information

Employability Skills	This unit contains employability skills.

Elements and Performance Criteria Pre-Content

Elements describe the essential outcomes of a unit of competency.	Performance criteria describe the required performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. Assessment of performance is to be consistent with the evidence guide.

Elements and Performance Criteria

ELEMENT	PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
1 Select, operate and monitor navigation aids/systems	1.1 Appropriate navigation aids/systems for the planned IFR flight are selected and operated in accordance navigation aid/system requirements 1.2 Integrity of navigation aid/systems information is monitored and maintained
2 Navigate the aircraft in IMC/simulated IMC	2.1 Aircraft position fix is determined solely with reference to navigation aid/system 2.2 Tracks are intercepted to and from navigation aids/systems 2.3 Track is maintained within tolerances specified in AIP 2.4 Timings are recorded, assessed and revised as required 2.5 Station passage is recognised 2.6 GPS/DME arc procedure is performed within tolerances specified in AIP if applicable 2.7 Planned route above Lowest Safe Altitude (LSALT) is maintained in accordance with IFR 2.8 IMC to visual flight transition is performed before descending below the lesser of LSALT/MSA 2.9 Route and destination weather conditions are monitored and appropriate actions are executed 2.10 Descent point is calculated and/or amended
3 Conduct a diversion to revised route or alternate aerodrome	3.1 Requirement for an unplanned diversion is recognised and confirmed 3.2 Route to alternate aerodrome, navigation aid and /or revised track is determined 3.3 Planned route maintains height above LSALT in accordance with regulations while flying under IFR 3.4 Flight planned route is diverted to track to alternate aerodrome, navigation aid and/or aerodrome 3.5 Operational information for alternate aerodrome/s is reviewed and applied according to regulations and/or operator procedures 3.6 Fuel plan is reviewed and amended according to regulations and/or operator procedures
4 Conduct holding pattern in IMC	4.1 Holding pattern is entered at or above LSALT/MSA appropriate to inbound heading using sector entry according to AIP 4.2 Published holding pattern is flown not below the specified minimum altitude, allowing for wind effect, turning inbound on the prescribed track 4.3 Holding pattern is departed in accordance with ATC instructions
5 Comply with Air Traffic Control rules and procedures for IFR flights	5.1 Separation from other air traffic in IMC/simulated IMC is maintained 5.2 Airspace requirements are complied with utilising IFR procedures 5.3 Two-way communication is maintained with ATS and other aircraft in accordance with IFR procedures 5.4 ATC clearances and/or radar vectoring instructions are complied with
6 Manage hazardous weather conditions	6.1 Hazardous weather conditions are identified and avoided 6.2 Procedures for penetration of hazardous weather are demonstrated and/or explained 6.3 Aircraft systems are employed to mitigate the effects of hazardous weather
7 Demonstrate turbulence penetration technique	7.1 Aircraft is configured to comply with turbulence penetration procedures in accordance with Flight Manual/POH 7.2 Passenger and crew are restrained in accordance with regulations 7.3 Procedures for penetrating turbulence are explained and demonstrated

Required Skills and Knowledge

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
This describes the essential knowledge and skills and their level required for this unit.
Required knowledge:
ATC rules and procedures:
Airways clearance requirements for operating in all classes of airspace, including lead time required for flight plan submission, contents, 'clearance void time', and 'readback' requirement
Airways clearance requirements for entering, operating in and departing CTA and CTR, including what details to provide to ATC, and what details to expect from ATC
Controlled area protection
ATC requirements for a change of level in CTA, including in an emergency situation
Departure, climb, transition to cruise (levelling out), cruise, change of levels, descent and visual approach procedures, day and night, in CTA and CTR
Separation provisions between IFR flights, and IFR and VFR flights in the various classes of CTA
Separation provisions between IFR flights, and IFR and VFR flights in GAAP CTR
Radio procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes
Loss of radio communication procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes
Abnormal operations and/or emergency procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes
Radar services that are provided by ATC
Radar vectoring procedures, including radio procedures and phraseologies
Maximum permissible time interval is between ATC transmissions during radar vectoring
Radar emergency procedures, including loss of radio communication, radar failure, transponder emergency codes, and aircraft emergencies
Departure, climb, transition to cruise (levelling out), cruise, change of levels, descent, and arrival procedures in Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes
Visual approach procedures, day and night, in Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes, including landing manoeuvres, cancellation of SARWATCH, and operation of VHF aerodrome lighting (PAL)
Requirements and procedure for a diversion to an alternate aerodrome
NDB:
Effects of coastal refraction, night error, thunderstorms, mountainous areas, types of terrain and altitude of aircraft on NDB indications or range
Methods of selecting and using the most appropriate NDB for tracking during navigation
NDB tracking techniques, procedures and limitations
Procedures for sector entry and holding using the NDB
VOR:
VOR instrument settings required to provide command indications when flying on given tracks both to and from the VOR
VOR tracking techniques, procedures and limitations
Procedures for sector entry and holding using the VOR
GPS:
Principles of operation, performance limitations and errors of a GPS system
Methods of position fixing using a GPS system
GPS operating procedures which provide safeguards against navigational errors and loss of situational awareness
GPS operating procedures for typical navigational tasks using a specific type of aircraft equipment
Indications of waypoint passage
GPS operational and serviceability checks
Human factors limitations associated with the use of GPS equipment
Requirements applicable to pilots and equipment for GPS operations
Parameters applicable to tracking tolerances, automatic waypoint sequencing, CDI sensitivity and RAIM availability
Mode of operation required during each segment of a GPS/NPA, the conditions required to transition to and operate in that mode, and the associated CDI sensitivity and RAIM protection provided
Parameters applicable to RAIM warnings in the en route, terminal and approach modes
Effect of availability or otherwise of baro-aiding on RAIM availability and prediction
Effect of satellite unserviceability on the reliability of each type of prediction
Effect of each type of RAIM prediction operational requirements
Operational requirements which apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a RNAV (GNSS) procedure at the destination
Factors that may adversely affect the conduct of a GPS/NPA and explain suitable pilot procedures to minimise such effects
Operating procedures for GNSS equipment which reduce or eliminate errors due to any of these factors
Required skills:
Perform the navigational functions within the parameters of the applicable regulations, orders and operations manual procedures
Maintain compliance with regulatory requirements
Select and use appropriate navigational instruments and aids
Source and interpret aviation weather forecast products and services appropriate to flight planning and navigation procedures
Apply air safety practices and regulations
Recognise significant variances from forecast meteorological conditions and take appropriate actions, including the issue of an AIREP
NDB:
Determine NDB station passage, abeam NDB station, NDB bearing the aircraft is on, track error and/or drift experienced, from ADF relative bearing indications
Calculate track to and from the NDB, given heading and relative bearings
Calculate heading to steer to intercept a new or original track to or from a NDB
Calculate heading to steer to intercept desired inbound track before reaching the NDB
Calculate relative bearing which will indicate that a desired track to or from a NDB has been intercepted, given the intercept heading
Fix position, given relative bearing indications utilising two NDB stations
VOR:
Determine scalloping, VOR station passage, abeam VOR station, VOR radial the aircraft is on, track error and/or drift experienced, from VOR cockpit indications
Determine off-track distance experienced from VOR and DME cockpit indications
Calculate the heading to steer to intercept a new or original track to or from a VOR
Fix position, given cockpit instrument indications utilising two VOR stations
Fix position, given instrument indications utilising combinations of VOR, NDB and DME
GPS:
Interpret typical GPS navigational displays LAT/Long, distance and bearing to waypoint, CDI
Maintain interception and maintenance of GPS defined tracks
Determine TMG, GS, ETA, time and distance to WPT, WV in flight
Recognise and take appropriate action for GPS warnings and messages
Predict RAIM availability at destination and ETA
Predict within 1 hour before departure the availability of approach RAIM at the destination or alternate aerodrome within 15 minutes of ETA, and limitations that apply to the prediction
Apply operational requirements which apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a RNAV (GNSS) procedure at the destination
Communicate effectively with others when navigating an aircraft - IFR
Read and interpret instructions, regulations, procedures and other information relevant to navigating an aircraft - IFR
Interpret and follow operational instructions and prioritise work
Complete documentation related to navigating an aircraft - IFR
Operate electronic communication equipment to required protocol
Work collaboratively with others when navigating an aircraft - IFR
Adapt appropriately to cultural differences in the workplace, including modes of behaviour and interactions with others
Promptly report and/or rectify any identified problems that may occur when navigating an aircraft - IFR in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures
Implement contingency plans for unexpected events that may arise when navigating an aircraft - IFR
Apply precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate hazards that may exist while navigating an aircraft - IFR
Monitor and anticipate operational problems and hazards and take appropriate action
Monitor work activities in terms of planned schedule
Modify activities dependent on differing workplace contingencies, situations and environments
Work systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self others, or damage to goods or equipment
Adapt to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures
Select and use required personal protective clothing and equipment conforming to industry and OH&S standards
Implement OH&S procedures and relevant regulations
Identify and correctly use equipment required when navigating an aircraft - IFR

Evidence Guide

EVIDENCE GUIDE
The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required knowledge and skills, the range statement and the assessment guidelines for this Training Package.
Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit	The evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria of this unit and include demonstration of applying: the underpinning knowledge and skills relevant legislation and workplace procedures other relevant aspects of the range statement
Context of and specific resources for assessment	Performance is demonstrated consistently over a period of time and in a suitable range of contexts Resources for assessment include: a range of relevant exercises, case studies and/or other simulated practical and knowledge assessment, and/or access to an appropriate range of relevant operational situations in the workplace In both real and simulated environments, access is required to: relevant and appropriate materials and equipment, and applicable documentation including workplace procedures, regulations, codes of practice and operation manuals
Method of assessment	Assessment of this unit must be undertaken by a registered training organisation As a minimum, assessment of knowledge must be conducted through appropriate written/oral tests Practical assessment must occur: through activities in an appropriately simulated environment at the registered training organisation, and/or in an appropriate range of situations in the workplace

Range Statement

RANGE STATEMENT
The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance.
Tasks may be undertaken in:	IMC VMC with simulated IMC conditions
Performance may be demonstrated in:	single engine aircraft multi engine aircraft synthetic training device approved by the relevant authority variable air traffic conditions variable weather conditions variable flight situations abnormal situations classes of airspace as designated by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Aircraft may include:	fixed wing helicopter other commercial or military aircraft
Crew may include:	single pilot multi crew
Instruments may be:	fitted flight instruments suitable for instrument flight head up display suitable for instrument flight
Limitations may be imposed by:	local noise abatement requirements and curfews airspace endorsements
Classes of airspace may be:	as designated by the regulator restricted and danger areas military control zones Air Defence Identification Zones
Diversion requirement may include:	meteorological hazard fuel requirements aircraft or airfield system failure/degrade airspace ATC direction operational hazard
Operational information may include:	meteorological NOTAMS lighting Approach Aids
Navigation aids/systems may include:	ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) VOR (VHF Omni-directional Radio Range) DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) RADAR GPS (Global Positioning System) FMS (Flight Management Systems) Moving Map Displays TACAN INS (Inertial Navigation System) FDS (Flight Director System) Autopilot system Weather Radar navigation computers
Conditions may include:	a method of simulating IMC simulated icing conditions moderate turbulence simulated hazardous weather Autopilot/Flight Director FMS/ other NAV system simulation of emergency and abnormal procedures
Dependent on the type of organisation concerned and the local terminology used, workplace procedures may include:	company procedures enterprise procedures organisational procedures established procedures standard operating procedures
Information/documents may include:	relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders in Defence context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions Flight Manual/Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) Manual of Standards - Pilot Licensing (MOS-PL) Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA) charts operations manuals approved checklists workplace procedures and instructions and job specification induction and training materials conditions of service, legislation and industrial agreements including workplace agreements and awards
Applicable regulations and legislation may include:	relevant Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders in Defence context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions relevant state/territory OH&S legislation relevant state/territory environmental protection legislation relevant Australian Standards
Performance includes tolerances specified in either of:	relevant licence and aircraft rating requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) such as: Manual of Standards relevant Defence documentation such as: Defence Orders and Instructions approved curricula and training documentation

Unit Sector(s)

Not applicable.

Competency field

Competency Field	H - Route Planning and Navigation