Unit of competency details

Unit Descriptor 

This unit involves the skills and knowledge required to perform a visual circling approach. This includes determining the visual circling minima for the specified instrument approach, flying the circling approach, and conducting a missed approach. Licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements are applicable to this unit.

Application of the Unit 

Work must be carried out in compliance with the relevant licence and aircraft rating requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA); relevant airspace control requirements and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR); and aircraft control principles, regulations, safety codes, protocols and procedures required to perform visual circling approach as part of commercial aircraft activities.

Use for ADF Aviation is to be in accordance with relevant Defence Orders and Instructions and applicable CASA compliance.

Operations are conducted across a variety of operational contexts within the Australian aviation industry.

Work is performed under limited supervision.

This unit of competency is packaged at AQF V.

Employability Skills 

This unit contains employability skills.

Elements describe the essential outcomes of a unit of competency.

Performance criteria describe the required performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. Assessment of performance is to be consistent with the evidence guide.

ELEMENT 

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 

1 Determine minima applicable for visual circling for specified instrument approach 

1.1 Determine the requirement to conduct a circling approach in accordance with AIP

1.2 Ceiling and visibility minima are determined for a circling approach appropriate for the instrument approach procedure and category of aircraft being used, in accordance with applicable instrument approach charts

2 Conduct visual circling procedure following instrument approach , using appropriate visual cues 

2.1 Circling procedures are planned and briefed in relation to the position of the runway relative to the aircraft as it will appear to the pilot when approaching minima

2.2 Circling approach is conducted in accordance with AIP

2.3 Aircraft is controlled and maintained within altitude limitations by reference to instruments

2.4 Aircraft position is controlled and maintained using visual cues

2.5 Lookout is maintained using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility or terrain

3 Conduct missed approach from visual circling 

3.1 Conditions requiring a missed approach are recognised and missed approach is initiated

3.2 Aircraft is manoeuvred to Missed Approach Point (MAPt) and a missed approach procedure is conducted in accordance with the applicable instrument approach chart

3.3 Obstacle clearance in IMC/simulated IMC is maintained

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS 

This describes the essential knowledge and skills and their level required for this unit.

Required knowledge :

• Conditions under which a circling approach must be discontinued and a missed approach initiated

• Procedure to conduct a missed approach from any nominated point within a circling area on a specified approach

• State when an aircraft may descend below the MDA (day and night)

• Briefing requirements for circling approach

• Requirements for completing relevant documentation

• Code of practice for working collaboratively with others

• Procedures for adjusting controls to optimise the operation of the equipment

• Procedures to be followed in the event of an emergency

• Relevant sections of national and state or territory regulatory requirements and codes of practice

• Relevant OH&S and environmental procedures and regulations

Required skills :

• Interpret instrument approach charts

• Calculate ceiling and visibility minima for a circling approach

• Determine obstacle clearance requirements in the circling area

• Perform systematic scan techniques

• Determine the circling area applicable to the aircraft performance category being flown

• Communicate effectively with others when performing visual circling approach

• Read and interpret instructions, regulations, procedures and other information relevant to a visual circling approach

• Interpret and follow operational instructions and prioritise work

• Complete documentation related to performing visual circling approach

• Operate electronic communication equipment to required protocol

• Work collaboratively with others when performing visual circling approach

• Adapt appropriately to cultural differences in the workplace, including modes of behaviour and interactions with others

• Promptly report and/or rectify any identified problems that may occur when performing visual circling approach in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures

• Implement contingency plans for unexpected events that may arise when performing visual circling approach

• Apply precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate hazards that may exist during visual circling approach

• Monitor and anticipate operational problems and hazards and take appropriate action

• Monitor work activities in terms of planned schedule

• Modify activities dependent on differing workplace contingencies, situations and environments

• Work systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self others, or damage to goods or equipment

• Adapt to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures

• Select and use required personal protective clothing and equipment conforming to industry and OH&S standards

• Implement OH&S procedures and relevant regulations

• Identify and correctly use equipment required to perform visual circling approach

EVIDENCE GUIDE 

The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required knowledge and skills, the range statement and the assessment guidelines for this Training Package.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit 

• The evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria of this unit and include demonstration of applying:
• the underpinning knowledge and skills
• relevant legislation and workplace procedures
• other relevant aspects of the range statement

Context of and specific resources for assessment 

• Performance is demonstrated consistently over a period of time and in a suitable range of contexts
• Resources for assessment include:
• a range of relevant exercises, case studies and/or other simulated practical and knowledge assessment, and/or
• access to an appropriate range of relevant operational situations in the workplace
• In both real and simulated environments, access is required to:
• relevant and appropriate materials and equipment, and
• applicable documentation including workplace procedures, regulations, codes of practice and operation manuals

Method of assessment 

• Assessment of this unit must be undertaken by a registered training organisation
• As a minimum, assessment of knowledge must be conducted through appropriate written/oral tests
• Practical assessment must occur:
• through activities in an appropriately simulated environment at the registered training organisation, and/or
• in an appropriate range of situations in the workplace

RANGE STATEMENT 

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance.

Tasks may be undertaken in:

• IMC
• VMC with simulated IMC conditions

Performance may be demonstrated in:

• single engine aircraft
• multi engine aircraft
• synthetic training device approved by the appropriate authority
• variable air traffic conditions
• variable weather conditions
• variable flight situations
• abnormal situations
• classes of airspace as designated by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority

Aircraft may include:

• fixed wing
• helicopter
• other commercial or military aircraft

Crew may include:

• single pilot
• multi crew

Instruments may be:

• flight instruments suitable for instrument flight
• head up display suitable for instrument flight

Limitations may be imposed by:

• local noise abatement requirements and curfews
• airspace endorsements

Classes of airspace may be:

• as designated by the regulator
• restricted and danger areas
• military control zones
• Air Defence Identification Zones

Navigation aids may include:

• ADF (Automatic Direction Finder)
• VOR (VHF Omni-directional Radio Range)
• DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)
• RADAR
• GPS (Global Positioning System)
• FMS (Flight Management Systems)
• Moving Map Displays
• TACAN
• INS

Conditions may include:

• a method of simulating IMC
• simulated icing conditions
• moderate turbulence
• simulated hazardous weather
• Autopilot/Flight Director
• FMS/ other NAV system
• simulation of emergency and abnormal procedures

Dependent on the type of organisation concerned and the local terminology used, workplace procedures may include:

• company procedures
• enterprise procedures
• organisational procedures
• established procedures
• standard operating procedures

Information/documents may include:

• relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders
• in Defence context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions
• Flight Manual/Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)
• Manual of Standards - Pilot Licensing (MOS-PL)
• Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
• En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA)
• charts
• operations manuals
• approved checklists
• workplace procedures and instructions and job specification
• induction and training materials
• conditions of service, legislation and industrial agreements including workplace agreements and awards

Applicable regulations and legislation may include:

• relevant Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders
• in Defence context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions
• relevant state/territory OH&S legislation
• relevant state/territory environmental protection legislation
• relevant Australian Standards

Performance includes tolerances specified in either of:

• relevant licence and aircraft rating requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) such as:
• Manual of Standards
• relevant Defence documentation such as:
• Defence Orders and Instructions
• approved curricula and training documentation

Competency Field 

Y - Aircraft Operation and Traffic Management